Distillation furnace: The vertical tank distillation furnace uses the difference in the volatility of each component in the liquid mixture to partially vaporize the liquid mixture, and then partially condense the vapor to achieve the separation of the components. This is a unit operation belonging to the mass transfer separation process. Distillation is widely used in oil refining, chemical industry, light industry, food and other industries, such as separating crude oil into gasoline, kerosene, diesel and lubricating oil, and separating liquefied air into oxygen, nitrogen and various inert gases. The following describes the development history and working principle of the distillation furnace: vertical tank distillation furnace:

One. Distillation furnace: vertical tank distillation furnace development history:

The application of evolutionary distillation has a long history. As early as the beginning of AD, people used distillation to make wine and aromatic oil. The method used at that time was roughly the same as the present simple distillation method (Figure 1 distillation kettle 4th century AD. By the 14th century, alcohol production had taken shape in the industry. In 1746, a distillation process to extract oil from coal tar was patented in England. In 1860, a refinery was officially put into operation in the United States. The early distillation equipment is placed in the horizonta of several distillation kettle lly series operation, high energy consumption, poor separation effect. In 1830, Irishman Coffey (A.Coffey) designed a vertical distillation kettle for the distillation sieve plate tower, using reflux technology. Coffey's sieve tray column is considered the forerunner of modern distillation equipment.

Since the 20th century, the rapid development of the chemical industry, especially the petrochemical industry, has put forward higher requirements for the scale and separation difficulty of the distillation process. Driven by the development of production, a variety of new distillation equipment with large production capacity, high separation efficiency and low flow resistance continue to emerge; as a complex distillation operation, some special distillation methods (such as extractive distillation and azeotropic distillation) have also been developed rapidly.

II. Distillation Furnace: Principle of Vertical Tank Distillation Furnace

The product takes the separation of the two-component mixture as an example. The raw material liquid is heated to partially vaporize it, the volatile component is thickened in the steam, and the non-volatile component is thickened in the remaining liquid. To a certain extent, the two components are realized. Separation. The greater the difference in the volatilization ability of the two components, I .e. the greater the relative volatility, the greater the concentration. The same separation effect can be obtained by partial condensation of the two-component vapor phase mixture. In principle, as long as the relative volatility of the two components is not equal to 1, an azeotrope is not formed (see vapor-liquid equilibrium). High purity separation of the mixed components can be achieved by multiple partial vaporization and partial condensation. In industrial distillation plants, the partially vaporized liquid phase is in direct contact with the partially condensed vapor phase for vapor-liquid mass transfer. As a result, the non-volatile components in the gas phase are transferred to the liquid phase and the volatile components in the liquid phase are transferred to the gas phase, I .e. partial vaporization of the liquid phase and partial condensation of the vapor phase are achieved simultaneously. High purity separation of the mixture can be achieved by sufficient countercurrent contact mass transfer of the two phases. The production practice shows that the vertical storage tank body located in the two-stage and half-step is a very weak part. Due to erosion of the air supply at the downward extension, the tank will rapidly thin. Due to the effect of load-bearing and charge side pressure, external expansion often occurs, and cracks and leaks often appear. The practical solution to this problem is to add top bricks.